Recalls by vehicle system

Wiring harnesses, connectors, fuses, control modules and software that govern the vehicle's electrical behaviour. Covers everything from a failing battery sensor to a software fault in a body control module.

Frontal, side, curtain and knee airbags, along with the crash sensors and control modules that decide when to deploy them. Airbag defects are among the most frequently recalled systems in the United States.

Transmission, driveline, axles, transfer case and the propulsion control systems that deliver engine or motor output to the wheels, including hybrid propulsion hardware.

Hydraulic and air service brakes, master cylinders, calipers, lines, boosters and the parking brake. Includes anti-lock control where the fault is in braking rather than stability software.

Fuel tanks, pumps, injectors, lines and vapour management. Fuel-system defects carry elevated fire risk and frequently attract park-outside instructions.

Rear-view camera systems required on US vehicles since May 2018 under FMVSS 111. A camera image that fails to appear, appears too slowly, or persists after the vehicle leaves reverse is a reportable defect.

Belt webbing, retractors, pretensioners, anchorages and buckles — the primary restraint in any crash, and the system airbags are designed to supplement rather than replace.

Accessories and aftermarket-fit equipment supplied with the vehicle, including mobility adaptations and towing hardware.

The engine assembly and its cooling circuit — blocks, heads, timing components, coolant pumps and radiators. Overheating and oil-leak defects often carry fire risk.

Seat frames, tracks, recliners, head restraints and child-seat anchorage hardware. Includes recalls on child restraints sold as vehicle equipment.

Headlamps, tail lamps, brake lights, turn signals and daytime running lights, plus the modules that drive them. Governed by FMVSS 108.

Steering racks, columns, tie rods, linkages and electric power-steering assistance. A loss of steering assist or a separated linkage is treated as an immediate loss-of-control hazard.

Frame, subframe, body panels, welds and corrosion-related structural defects. Structural recalls often affect how the vehicle manages crash energy.

Windscreens, glazing, mirrors, defrosters and wiper systems — anything affecting the driver's direct view of the road.

Control arms, ball joints, springs, dampers and knuckles. Ball-joint separations are a recurring source of do-not-drive instructions.

Road wheels, fasteners, tyres and pressure-monitoring hardware. Wheel-fastener and tyre defects can cause sudden loss of control.

Door, bonnet and tailgate latches and their release linkages. A latch that can open in motion is regulated under FMVSS 206.

Automatic emergency braking, forward-collision warning, lane-keeping, electronic stability control and traction control. Faults here often present as false activation rather than non-activation.