Skip to content

Free public service · Official NHTSA & EPA data

2023 Tesla Model S

Verified August 31, 2026Sources: NHTSA · EPA · vPIC

Compare
Safety
not rated
Recalls
13
on record
MPG
28.2
combined

Heavily recalled

13 safety recalls on record. Confirm with the seller that every campaign has been completed.

Vehicle Summary

2023 Tesla Model S

13 recalls
0 complaints
28.1799 MPG combined

Before You Buy

Confirm all 13 recalls were repaired — a dealer checks by VIN, free
No complaint on record reports a crash
Review the 0 owner complaints on record
Get a pre-purchase inspection
Check vehicle history report
Verify title is clean

Safety record at a glance

Recall campaigns
13
Owner complaints
0
Complaints citing a crash
0

These are raw counts from NHTSA records. They are not normalized by how many of these vehicles are on the road, so a model that sold in large numbers will tend to show more of everything. We do not publish a composite safety or reliability score.

13 Recalls on Record

These recalls have been issued by the manufacturer. Contact any authorized dealer to verify they have been completed — repairs are free.

Enter your VIN to check if specific recalls apply to your vehicle.

Safety recalls

13 NHTSA campaigns affecting this model year.

  • 23V085000high

    Steering issue

    STEERING:AUTOMATED/ADAPTIVE STEERING

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2016-2023 Model S, Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles equipped with Full Self-Driving Beta (FSD Beta) software or pending installation.  The FSD Beta system may allow the vehicle to act unsafe around intersections, such as traveling straight through an intersection while in a turn-only lane, entering a stop sign-controlled intersection without coming to a complete stop, or proceeding into an intersection during a steady yellow traffic signal without due caution. In addition, the system may respond insufficiently to changes in posted speed limits or not adequately account for the driver's adjustment of the vehicle's speed to exceed posted speed limits.

    Consequence

    FSD Beta software that allows a vehicle to exceed speed limits or travel through intersections in an unlawful or unpredictable manner increases the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge.  Owner notification letters were mailed April 15, 2023.  Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752.  Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-001.

    Full campaign record
  • 23V489000high

    Forward collision avoidance · sensing system · camera

    FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model S, Model X, and Model Y vehicles. The forward-facing camera may be misaligned, causing some of the active safety features such as emergency braking, forward collision warning, and lane assist to become unavailable without alerting the driver.

    Consequence

    Safety features that are unavailable without any warning to the driver may increase the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla Service will inspect and adjust the pitch angle, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-17-006.

    Full campaign record
  • 23V488000high

    Safety restraint issue

    SEAT BELTS:FRONT

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model S and Model X vehicles. The front-row seat belts may not be connected properly to the pretensioner anchors, which can cause the seat belts to detach.

    Consequence

    A detached seat belt may not properly restrain an occupant during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

    Remedy

    Tesla Service will inspect the front-row seat belts and connect the seat belts to pretensioner anchors, or replace the seat belt assemblies, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-20-004.

    Full campaign record
  • 23V743000high

    Steering issue

    STEERING: STEERING WHEEL/HANDLE BAR

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model S and Model X vehicles. An incorrect air bag may have been installed when the steering yoke or round steering wheel was replaced with a different style of yoke or steering wheel.

    Consequence

    An air bag that is not designed to function with the replacement steering yoke or wheel may deploy incorrectly, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla Service will inspect and replace the driver air bag as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 2, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-20-005.

    Full campaign record
  • 23V838000high

    Electrical issue

    ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ADAS:AUTONOMOUS/SELF DRIVING:SOFTWARE

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling 2012-2023 Model S, 2016-2023 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles equipped with all versions of Autosteer leading up to the version(s) that contains the recall remedy. In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, the prominence and scope of the feature's controls may not be sufficient to prevent driver misuse of the SAE Level 2 advanced driver-assistance feature.

    Consequence

    In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, and the driver does not maintain responsibility for vehicle operation and is unprepared to intervene as necessary or fails to recognize when Autosteer is canceled or not engaged, there may be an increased risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 10, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-008.

    Full campaign record
  • 23V862000high

    Latches/locks/linkages · doors · latch

    LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:DOORS:LATCH

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model S and X vehicles. The cabin doors can be unlocked during a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 214, "Side Impact Protection."

    Consequence

    An unlocked door may unlatch and open during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

    Remedy

    Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 17, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-009.

    Full campaign record
  • 24V035000high

    Rear-visibility system issue

    BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model S, X, and Y vehicles equipped with full self-driving computer 4.0 and running a software release version 2023.44.30 through 2023.44.30.6 or 2023.44.100. Software instability may prevent the rearview camera image from displaying.

    Consequence

    A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility and increases the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 22, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-002.

    Full campaign record
  • 24V051000high

    Electrical issue

    ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: INSTRUMENT CLUSTER/PANEL

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2012-2023 Model S, 2016-2024 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, 2019-2024 Model Y, and 2024 Cybertruck vehicles. An incorrect font size is displayed on the instrument panel for the Brake, Park, and Antilock Brake System (ABS) warning lights. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 105, "Hydraulic and Electric Brake Systems" and 135, "Light Vehicle Brake Systems."

    Consequence

    Warning lights with a smaller font size can make critical safety information on the instrument panel difficult to read, increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla began releasing an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-003.

    Full campaign record
  • 24V376000high

    Lighting issue

    SEAT BELTS:FRONT:WARNING LIGHT/DEVICES

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2012-2024 Model S, 2015-2024 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles. In the event of an unbelted driver, the seat belt warning light and audible chime may not activate as intended. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."

    Consequence

    A seat belt warning system that fails to alert occupants of an unbelted seat belt can increase the risk of injury during a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update. Owner notification letters were mailed July 26, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-008.

    Full campaign record
  • 24V554000high

    Latches/locks/linkages · hood · latch

    LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:HOOD:LATCH

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model 3, Model S, Model X, and 2020-2024 Model Y vehicles. The hood latch assembly may fail to detect an unlatched hood condition after the hood has been opened.

    Consequence

    An unlatched hood can fully open, obstructing the driver's view and increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 24, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-012.

    Full campaign record
  • 25V172000high

    Airbag system issue

    AIR BAGS

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model S and 2021-2025 Model X vehicles. An air bag with the incorrect horn pad may have been installed, preventing the horn from sounding.

    Consequence

    An inoperative horn may prevent the driver from alerting other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla service will inspect and install an air bag with the correct horn pad as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 20, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-25-20-001.

    Full campaign record
  • 24V967000high

    Airbag system issue

    AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:CUSHION

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Model S and Model X vehicles. The driver's air bag could tear during deployment. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection" and 212, "Windshield Mounting."

    Consequence

    A torn air bag may not adequately protect an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

    Remedy

    Tesla service will replace the air bag assembly, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 21, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-20-001.

    Full campaign record
  • 26V283000high

    Backup camera software issue

    BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE

    Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2017, 2021-2023 Model 3, 2020-2023 Model Y, 2021-2023 Model S, and Model X vehicles operating software version 2026.8.6. The rearview camera image may be delayed when the vehicle is placed in reverse. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."

    Consequence

    A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy

    Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 3, 2026. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-26-00-001.

    Full campaign record

NHTSA crash-test ratings

NHTSA holds no crash-test rating for this model year.

Not every model year is tested. A missing rating is not a poor rating.

Fuel economy & emissions

EPA figures for the 2023 Tesla Model S, with tailpipe CO₂ and class context.

28.2

City

29.4

Hwy

28.2

Comb

Annual fuel cost
$650
Charge time
15 hours (240V)

How this compares

At 28.2 MPGe combined, the 2023 Tesla Model S ranks 3rd of 9 large cars EPA rated for 2023 — 1.2 MPGe better than the 27 MPGe median for that group.

That places it a little above the middle of its class. Fuel cost is close enough to its rivals that other running costs will probably matter more.

EPA puts annual fuel spend at about $650, $1,650 less than the $2,300 typical for the class. Over five years at 15,000 miles a year that is roughly $3,250, a $8,250 difference against a class-median vehicle.

Consumer complaints

No owner complaints filed with NHTSA for this model year.

Nothing on file. Newer model years often have few complaints simply because fewer cars are on the road yet.

Safety timeline

Every dated recall and NHTSA investigation for the 2023 Tesla Model S, newest first.

  1. Recall

    Recall 26V283000

    A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

  2. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation PE24033

    Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts.

  3. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation DP23001

    Defect Petition Interlock Request

  4. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation EA26002

    FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions

  5. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation PE24031

    FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions

  6. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation PE25012

    Traffic safety violations while Full Self Driving ("FSD") is engaged

  7. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation AQ25002

    Compliance with Standing General Order 2021-01 Reporting Requirements

  8. Recall

    Recall 25V172000

    An inoperative horn may prevent the driver from alerting other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash.

  9. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation PE24033

    Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts.

  10. Recall

    Recall 24V967000

    A torn air bag may not adequately protect an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

  11. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation PE24031

    FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions

  12. Recall

    Recall 24V554000

    An unlatched hood can fully open, obstructing the driver's view and increasing the risk of a crash.

  13. Recall

    Recall 24V376000

    A seat belt warning system that fails to alert occupants of an unbelted seat belt can increase the risk of injury during a crash.

  14. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation PE23006

    Front seat belt anchor detachment

  15. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation EA22002

    Autopilot System Driver Controls

  16. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation RQ24009

    Recall 23V838 Remedy Effectiveness

  17. Recall

    Recall 24V051000

    Warning lights with a smaller font size can make critical safety information on the instrument panel difficult to read, increasing the risk of a crash.

  18. Recall

    Recall 24V035000

    A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility and increases the risk of a crash.

  19. Recall

    Recall 23V862000

    An unlocked door may unlatch and open during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

  20. Recall

    Recall 23V838000

    In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, and the driver does not maintain responsibility for vehicle operation and is unprepared to intervene as necessary or fails to recognize when Autosteer is canceled or not engaged, there may be an increased risk of a crash.

  21. Recall

    Recall 23V743000

    An air bag that is not designed to function with the replacement steering yoke or wheel may deploy incorrectly, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.

  22. Recall

    Recall 23V489000

    Safety features that are unavailable without any warning to the driver may increase the risk of a crash.

  23. Recall

    Recall 23V488000

    A detached seat belt may not properly restrain an occupant during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.

  24. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation DP23002

    Sudden Unintended Acceleration

  25. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation DP23001

    Defect Petition Interlock Request

  26. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation PE23006

    Front seat belt anchor detachment

  27. Recall

    Recall 23V085000

    FSD Beta software that allows a vehicle to exceed speed limits or travel through intersections in an unlawful or unpredictable manner increases the risk of a crash.

  28. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation EA22002

    Autopilot System Driver Controls

Dates are the NHTSA report-received date for recalls and the ODI open/close date for investigations. Crash-test ratings are not shown here because the source does not provide a reliable publication date for them.

Specifications & ratings

Specifications

Body class
Large Cars
Drive type
All-Wheel Drive
Engine
0L 0-cyl
Fuel type
Unknown
Transmission
Automatic (A1)
Seats
0

Fuel economy

28.2

City

29.4

Hwy

28.2

Comb

Annual cost
$650
Fuel
Electricity

Explore related

Safety timeline

Full timeline
  1. Recall

    Recall 26V283000

    A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

  2. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation PE24033

    Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts.

  3. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation DP23001

    Defect Petition Interlock Request

  4. Investigation opened

    NHTSA opened investigation EA26002

    FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions

  5. Investigation closed

    NHTSA closed investigation PE24031

    FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions