- Safety
- —
- not rated
- Recalls
- 13
- on record
- MPG
- 28.2
- combined
Heavily recalled
13 safety recalls on record. Confirm with the seller that every campaign has been completed.
Vehicle Summary
2023 Tesla Model S
Before You Buy
Safety record at a glance
- Recall campaigns
- 13
- Owner complaints
- 0
- Complaints citing a crash
- 0
These are raw counts from NHTSA records. They are not normalized by how many of these vehicles are on the road, so a model that sold in large numbers will tend to show more of everything. We do not publish a composite safety or reliability score.
13 Recalls on Record
These recalls have been issued by the manufacturer. Contact any authorized dealer to verify they have been completed — repairs are free.
Safety recalls
13 NHTSA campaigns affecting this model year.
- 23V085000high
Steering issue
STEERING:AUTOMATED/ADAPTIVE STEERING
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2016-2023 Model S, Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles equipped with Full Self-Driving Beta (FSD Beta) software or pending installation. The FSD Beta system may allow the vehicle to act unsafe around intersections, such as traveling straight through an intersection while in a turn-only lane, entering a stop sign-controlled intersection without coming to a complete stop, or proceeding into an intersection during a steady yellow traffic signal without due caution. In addition, the system may respond insufficiently to changes in posted speed limits or not adequately account for the driver's adjustment of the vehicle's speed to exceed posted speed limits.
Consequence
FSD Beta software that allows a vehicle to exceed speed limits or travel through intersections in an unlawful or unpredictable manner increases the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed April 15, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-001.
- 23V489000high
Forward collision avoidance · sensing system · camera
FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model S, Model X, and Model Y vehicles. The forward-facing camera may be misaligned, causing some of the active safety features such as emergency braking, forward collision warning, and lane assist to become unavailable without alerting the driver.
Consequence
Safety features that are unavailable without any warning to the driver may increase the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla Service will inspect and adjust the pitch angle, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-17-006.
- 23V488000high
Safety restraint issue
SEAT BELTS:FRONT
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model S and Model X vehicles. The front-row seat belts may not be connected properly to the pretensioner anchors, which can cause the seat belts to detach.
Consequence
A detached seat belt may not properly restrain an occupant during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla Service will inspect the front-row seat belts and connect the seat belts to pretensioner anchors, or replace the seat belt assemblies, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 12, 2023. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-20-004.
- 23V743000high
Steering issue
STEERING: STEERING WHEEL/HANDLE BAR
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model S and Model X vehicles. An incorrect air bag may have been installed when the steering yoke or round steering wheel was replaced with a different style of yoke or steering wheel.
Consequence
An air bag that is not designed to function with the replacement steering yoke or wheel may deploy incorrectly, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla Service will inspect and replace the driver air bag as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 2, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-20-005.
- 23V838000high
Electrical issue
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ADAS:AUTONOMOUS/SELF DRIVING:SOFTWARE
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling 2012-2023 Model S, 2016-2023 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles equipped with all versions of Autosteer leading up to the version(s) that contains the recall remedy. In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, the prominence and scope of the feature's controls may not be sufficient to prevent driver misuse of the SAE Level 2 advanced driver-assistance feature.
Consequence
In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, and the driver does not maintain responsibility for vehicle operation and is unprepared to intervene as necessary or fails to recognize when Autosteer is canceled or not engaged, there may be an increased risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 10, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-008.
- 23V862000high
Latches/locks/linkages · doors · latch
LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:DOORS:LATCH
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Model S and X vehicles. The cabin doors can be unlocked during a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 214, "Side Impact Protection."
Consequence
An unlocked door may unlatch and open during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 17, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-23-00-009.
- 24V035000high
Rear-visibility system issue
BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2023 Model S, X, and Y vehicles equipped with full self-driving computer 4.0 and running a software release version 2023.44.30 through 2023.44.30.6 or 2023.44.100. Software instability may prevent the rearview camera image from displaying.
Consequence
A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility and increases the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 22, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-002.
- 24V051000high
Electrical issue
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: INSTRUMENT CLUSTER/PANEL
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2012-2023 Model S, 2016-2024 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, 2019-2024 Model Y, and 2024 Cybertruck vehicles. An incorrect font size is displayed on the instrument panel for the Brake, Park, and Antilock Brake System (ABS) warning lights. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 105, "Hydraulic and Electric Brake Systems" and 135, "Light Vehicle Brake Systems."
Consequence
Warning lights with a smaller font size can make critical safety information on the instrument panel difficult to read, increasing the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla began releasing an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-003.
- 24V376000high
Lighting issue
SEAT BELTS:FRONT:WARNING LIGHT/DEVICES
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2012-2024 Model S, 2015-2024 Model X, 2017-2023 Model 3, and 2020-2023 Model Y vehicles. In the event of an unbelted driver, the seat belt warning light and audible chime may not activate as intended. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."
Consequence
A seat belt warning system that fails to alert occupants of an unbelted seat belt can increase the risk of injury during a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla will release an over-the-air (OTA) software update. Owner notification letters were mailed July 26, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-008.
- 24V554000high
Latches/locks/linkages · hood · latch
LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:HOOD:LATCH
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model 3, Model S, Model X, and 2020-2024 Model Y vehicles. The hood latch assembly may fail to detect an unlatched hood condition after the hood has been opened.
Consequence
An unlatched hood can fully open, obstructing the driver's view and increasing the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 24, 2024. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-00-012.
- 25V172000high
Airbag system issue
AIR BAGS
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Model S and 2021-2025 Model X vehicles. An air bag with the incorrect horn pad may have been installed, preventing the horn from sounding.
Consequence
An inoperative horn may prevent the driver from alerting other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla service will inspect and install an air bag with the correct horn pad as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 20, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-25-20-001.
- 24V967000high
Airbag system issue
AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:CUSHION
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Model S and Model X vehicles. The driver's air bag could tear during deployment. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection" and 212, "Windshield Mounting."
Consequence
A torn air bag may not adequately protect an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla service will replace the air bag assembly, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 21, 2025. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-24-20-001.
- 26V283000high
Backup camera software issue
BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE
Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) is recalling certain 2017, 2021-2023 Model 3, 2020-2023 Model Y, 2021-2023 Model S, and Model X vehicles operating software version 2026.8.6. The rearview camera image may be delayed when the vehicle is placed in reverse. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."
Consequence
A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.
Full campaign recordRemedy
Tesla has released an over-the-air (OTA) software update, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 3, 2026. Owners may contact Tesla customer service at 1-877-798-3752. Tesla's number for this recall is SB-26-00-001.
NHTSA crash-test ratings
NHTSA holds no crash-test rating for this model year.
Not every model year is tested. A missing rating is not a poor rating.
Fuel economy & emissions
EPA figures for the 2023 Tesla Model S, with tailpipe CO₂ and class context.
28.2
City
29.4
Hwy
28.2
Comb
- Annual fuel cost
- $650
- Charge time
- 15 hours (240V)
How this compares
At 28.2 MPGe combined, the 2023 Tesla Model S ranks 3rd of 9 large cars EPA rated for 2023 — 1.2 MPGe better than the 27 MPGe median for that group.
That places it a little above the middle of its class. Fuel cost is close enough to its rivals that other running costs will probably matter more.
EPA puts annual fuel spend at about $650, $1,650 less than the $2,300 typical for the class. Over five years at 15,000 miles a year that is roughly $3,250, a $8,250 difference against a class-median vehicle.
Consumer complaints
No owner complaints filed with NHTSA for this model year.
Nothing on file. Newer model years often have few complaints simply because fewer cars are on the road yet.
Safety timeline
Every dated recall and NHTSA investigation for the 2023 Tesla Model S, newest first.
- Recall
A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation PE24033
Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts.
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation DP23001
Defect Petition Interlock Request
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation EA26002
FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation PE24031
FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation PE25012
Traffic safety violations while Full Self Driving ("FSD") is engaged
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation AQ25002
Compliance with Standing General Order 2021-01 Reporting Requirements
- Recall
An inoperative horn may prevent the driver from alerting other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash.
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation PE24033
Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts.
- Recall
A torn air bag may not adequately protect an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation PE24031
FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions
- Recall
An unlatched hood can fully open, obstructing the driver's view and increasing the risk of a crash.
- Recall
A seat belt warning system that fails to alert occupants of an unbelted seat belt can increase the risk of injury during a crash.
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation PE23006
Front seat belt anchor detachment
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation EA22002
Autopilot System Driver Controls
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation RQ24009
Recall 23V838 Remedy Effectiveness
- Recall
Warning lights with a smaller font size can make critical safety information on the instrument panel difficult to read, increasing the risk of a crash.
- Recall
A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility and increases the risk of a crash.
- Recall
An unlocked door may unlatch and open during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
- Recall
In certain circumstances when Autosteer is engaged, and the driver does not maintain responsibility for vehicle operation and is unprepared to intervene as necessary or fails to recognize when Autosteer is canceled or not engaged, there may be an increased risk of a crash.
- Recall
An air bag that is not designed to function with the replacement steering yoke or wheel may deploy incorrectly, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.
- Recall
Safety features that are unavailable without any warning to the driver may increase the risk of a crash.
- Recall
A detached seat belt may not properly restrain an occupant during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation DP23002
Sudden Unintended Acceleration
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation DP23001
Defect Petition Interlock Request
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation PE23006
Front seat belt anchor detachment
- Recall
FSD Beta software that allows a vehicle to exceed speed limits or travel through intersections in an unlawful or unpredictable manner increases the risk of a crash.
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation EA22002
Autopilot System Driver Controls
Dates are the NHTSA report-received date for recalls and the ODI open/close date for investigations. Crash-test ratings are not shown here because the source does not provide a reliable publication date for them.
Specifications & ratings
Specifications
- Body class
- Large Cars
- Drive type
- All-Wheel Drive
- Engine
- 0L 0-cyl
- Fuel type
- Unknown
- Transmission
- Automatic (A1)
- Seats
- 0
Fuel economy
28.2
City
29.4
Hwy
28.2
Comb
- Annual cost
- $650
- Fuel
- Electricity
Explore related
Safety timeline
Full timeline- Recall
A delayed rearview image reduces the driver's view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation PE24033
Actually Smart Summon sessions resulting in low-speed impacts.
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation DP23001
Defect Petition Interlock Request
- Investigation opened
NHTSA opened investigation EA26002
FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions
- Investigation closed
NHTSA closed investigation PE24031
FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions